Chapter Guide
Chapter XVII redefines time as living power: not a line that imprisons the self, but a sword whose force belongs to life, action, and divine purpose.
The chapter opens with Shafi'i's image of Time as a cutting sword, then immediately asks what gives that sword its brilliance. Iqbal's answer is life. Time is not merely the visible alternation of day and night; when held by a living self, it becomes the force by which Moses acts, Ali conquers, and the impossible is opened.
Iqbal then attacks the habit of treating time like space: a line divided into yesterday and tomorrow. That habit makes the self passive, bound to measurement and decline. The alternative is inward and experiential. Real time blossoms from consciousness, is joined to joy and sorrow, and becomes intelligible only to a self awake to its origin.
The final movement turns metaphysics into communal memory. Iqbal recalls an age when Muslim action moved with Time's sword, sowing religion, unveiling truth, and giving the takbir to the world. Even when political power has passed away, the chapter insists that a community rooted in divine unity still carries a cosmic vocation.
- Shafi'i
- Iqbal opens from Shafi'i's saying that time is a cutting sword. Britannica describes the Shafi'i school as one of the four Sunni schools of law, derived from Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i's teachings. Britannica
Time is a sword.
Persian text from Ganjoor · 61 bayts
FOOTNOTES:
[105] Founder of one of the four great Muslim schools of law.
[106] The Prophet PBUH said, “I have a time with God of such sort that neither angel nor prophet is my peer,” meaning (if we interpret his words according to the sense of this passage) that he felt himself to be timeless.
[107] The glorious days when Islam first set out to convert and conquer the world.
[108] The takbír is the cry “Allah akbar,” “Allah is most great.”
FOOTNOTES:
[105] Founder of one of the four great Muslim schools of law.
[106] The Prophet PBUH said, “I have a time with God of such sort that neither angel nor prophet is my peer,” meaning (if we interpret his words according to the sense of this passage) that he felt himself to be timeless.
[107] The glorious days when Islam first set out to convert and conquer the world.
[108] The takbír is the cry “Allah akbar,” “Allah is most great.”
Persian text from Ganjoor · 61 bayts